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Control Modules



How Do Control Modules Work?

The Engine Control Module (ECM), also called the Engine Control Unit (ECU), ensures that your vehicle operates at optimum performance. The ECM monitors most of the sensors in the engine bay to manage the air-fuel mixture of your vehicle and to control the emission control systems.

The ECM controls four main parts of your vehicle's operating systems: air-fuel ratio, idle speed, variable valve timing, and ignition timing. As far as the air-fuel ratio is concerned, the ECM uses sensors to control the oxygen-to-fuel ratio detected in your car's exhaust to detect the engine's rich/lean reading. Some of these sensors include a mass airflow sensor, an oxygen sensor, and an air-fuel sensor. For idle speed, the ECM relies on sensors located in the crankshaft and camshaft(s) that track the RPM and engine load of your vehicle by monitoring the speed of rotation of the engine. The variable valve timing system controls when the valves are opened in the engine to either increase power or increase fuel economy.

Finally, the ECM controls the timing of the ignition, which is the position at which the ignition plug is fired during the combustion cycle. Precise control of this timing allows more power and/or better fuel economy. The ECM also controls a number of other systems on top of these main tasks. It is often referred to as the brain of the car, and rightly so, because most of the things needed to run newer cars go through the ECM, if not directly controlled by it.

What Happens When It Goes Wrong?

Of all the things that might go wrong with a car, the electrical system flaws are some of the most maddening. They are difficult to trace, often come and go as they please (enabling the mechanic's favorite cop-out response, "Could not replicate problem") and the symptoms often appear far from the source. Sometimes the symptoms of electrical problems do not even seem to be electrical in nature. And then, what are you supposed to do?

It is important to note that all of these symptoms may be symptoms of other system failures or problems with your vehicle. However, since the ECM plays such a vital role in the performance of the vehicle, any problems that arise may be catastrophic for the engine. Computer systems found in modern cars are extremely complex, sophisticated, and complicated – making it difficult to diagnose and troubleshoot computer-related problems.

If you suspect that your ECM is the source of your concern, you should have the vehicle inspected by a trained professional. Catching this issue early can save a lot of money and stress. Replacing this part can be a major expense, but thankfully, the ECM can be repaired or reprogrammed in many cases. This prevents you from having to completely replace the part.

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