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A turbine housing collects exhaust gasses from an engine and directs it through a volute (passage) which drives the shaft wheel assembly of a turbo causing it to spin. Turbine housings are also referred to as the “hot side” of the turbo because of its continuous exposure to hot exhaust gas. Turbine housings are very robust and manufactured using hi-temp materials with temperature ratings up to 1050° C.
Volute– the passage in which the exhaust gasses travel through, from turbine housing inlet to turbine housing outlet. The passage decreases in area from inlet to outlet which speeds up the velocity of the exhaust gas flow. Volutes are offered in different sizes and measured in A/R, Area Over Radius. The larger the number, the larger the passage when referring to a specific turbine wheel size.
Twin Scroll– Turbine housing with a twin volute. This can improve boost response when used with a twin scroll exhaust manifold. Twin scroll housings are also referred to as divided housings.
Single / Open Scroll– Turbine housing with a single volute.
Turbochargers capitalize on some of the "free" energy that would otherwise be completely lost in the exhaust. Driving the turbine does increase exhaust back-pressure, which exerts some load on the engine, but the net loss tends to be less by comparison with the direct mechanical load that driving a supercharger involves.
A turbocharger uses the velocity and heat energy of the hot exhaust gases rushing out of an engine's cylinders to spin a turbine that drives an impeller which in turn compresses more air back into the engine. A supercharger also pumps additional air into the engine, but it is instead driven mechanically by the engine via a belt that runs off the crankshaft or, these days, by an electric motor.
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