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Intake Manifolds



Intake Manifold

In automotive engineering, an inlet manifold or intake manifold is a part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. The primary function of the intake manifold is to evenly distribute the combustion mixture to each intake port in the cylinder head. Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, fuel injectors and other components of the engine.

Designed to run on three timed components, air mixed fuel, spark, and combustion; the internal combustion engine relies upon the intake manifold to help it breathe. Featuring a series of tubes, the intake manifold ensures that the air coming into the engine is evenly distributed to all the cylinders. This air is used during the first stroke of the combustion process.

The intake manifold also helps cool down the cylinders to prevent the engine from overheating. Coolant runs through the manifold to the cylinder heads where the coolant absorbs the heat and reduces engine temperature.

Design:

  • Air from the outside travels past the air filter and through an ECM-assisted throttle body that controls airflow speed.
  • Air exits the throttle body and enters the intake manifold plenum, or main body, connected to the throttle body housing.
  • Air is drawn from the plenum into a set of passageways called runners through the vacuum created by the downward stroke of the engine’s pistons, located in the cylinder chambers of the engine block.
  • Manifold is bolted flush and firmly to the engine’s cylinder head with the runners located above the intake valve or valves.
  • As the air exits the manifold, it’s mixed with fuel from fuel injectors and swept into the cylinder below.

Throttle Body

A throttle body is a tube containing a pivoting flat valve (butterfly) that is used to control the amount of air entering an engine. In an electronically fuel-injected car, a throttle position sensor and airflow sensor communicate with the computer, which supplies the corresponding amount of fuel needed at the injectors.

Back to the throttle body. On a fuel-injected engine, the throttle body is normally located between the air filter and the intake manifold and is connected to the gas pedal mechanically with a cable, or electronically by wire. When the driver presses the pedal the butterfly in the throttle body pivots to let more airflow into the manifold.

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